Identifikasi Flavonoid dan Tanin pada Teh Daun Salam dan Rambut Jagung (Saraja) Berpotensi sebagai Antihipertensi

Identification Of Flavonoids And Tannins In Salam Leaf Tea And Corn Hair (Saraja) Potentially As Antihypertensives

Abstract

Hypertension is very important to be treated because it can be a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, kidney failure, ischemic heart disease and cause death. The blood pressure control system in the body is quite complex, in addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological therapies can also be given such as consumption of bay leaf tea and corn silk (SARAJA). Corn silk has a high antioxidant content, especially polyphenols such as ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin and pelargonidin, while bay leaves contain essential oils (citric, eugenol), tannins and flavonoids in bay leaves which have a function to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical content of tannins and flavonoids in bay leaf tea and corn silk (Saraja) which have potential as antihypertensives. This research is an experimental research type, with quantitative analysis methods. The making of SARAJA tea was carried out at the ITP Laboratory of the Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes, the Ministry of Health, Mataram, phytochemical analysis of tannins and flavonoids in the Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University. The time of the study was carried out in April – June 2021. Identification of Tannin and Flavonoid levels using Spectrophotometry with 50.0 mg sample weight. Data analysis is descriptive analysis.  The results of the phytochemical test showed that the average tannin content of bay leaf tea was 10.93% b/b GAE of sample and the results of tannin testing on corn silk tea were 5.58 % b/b GAE sample. The results of the phytochemical flavonoid test in bay leaf tea were 18.42 mg QE/g sample, while in corn hair tea 13.25 mg QE/g sample. Bay leaf tea contains higher tannins and flavonoids than corn silk tea.

ABSTRAK
Hipertensi sangat penting diterapi karena dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya stroke, miokard infark, gagal jantung, gagal ginjal, penyakit jantung iskemik hingga menyebabkan kematian. Sistem pengendalian tekanan darah dalam tubuh cukup kompleks, selain terapi farmakologis, dapat juga diberikan terapi non farmakologis seperti konsumsi teh daun salam dan rambut jagung (SARAJA). Rambut jagung memiliki kandungan antioksidan tinggi, terutama polifenol seperti asam ferulat, asam klorogenat, asam kafeat, apigenin dan pelargonidin, sedangkan daun salam kandungan minyak asiri (sitrat, euganol), tamin dan flavonoid dalam daun salam ini mempunyai fungsi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian bertujuan untu mengetahui kandungan fitokimia tanin dan flavonoid teh daun salam rambut jagung (Saraja) yang berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi. Penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimen, dengan metode analisis kuantitatif. Pembuatan teh SARAJA dilakukan di Laboratorium ITP Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, analisis fitokimia tanin dan flavonoid di laboratorium Penelitian Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mataram. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April – Juni 2021. Identifikasi kadar Tanin dan Flavonoid menggunakan Spektrofotometri dengan 50,0 mg bobot sampel. Analisis data secara analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian uji fitokimia diketahui rata-rata kadar tanin pada teh daun salam sebesar 10,93% b/b GAE dan hasil pengujian tanin pada teh rambut jagung sebesar 5,58% b/b GAE sampel. Hasil uji fitokimia flavonoid pada teh daun salam sebesar 18,42 mg QE/g sampel, sedangkan pada teh rambut jagung 13,25 mg QE/g sampel. Teh daun salam mengandung tanin dan flavonoid lebih tinggi dibandingkan teh rambut jagung.