FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN GIZI KURANG PADA BALITA USIA 12-59 BULAN DI DESA MULYASARI KECAMATAN LOSARI KABUPATEN CIREBON

THE DETERMINANT FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MALNUTRITION INCIDENCES OF CHILDREN 12-59 MONTHS OLD AT MULYASARI VILLAGE LOSARI CIREBON

Abstract

Gizi kurang merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama pada balita di Indonesia. Prevalensi tertinggi banyak terjadi pada anak- anak usia dibawah 5 tahun terutama usia 12 – 59 bulan. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian gizi kurang yaitu kejadian penyakit infeksi (ISPA), tingkat asupan energi dan protein, usia penyapihan, tingkat pengetahuan pengasuh balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian penyakit ISPA, usia penyapihan, tingkat pengetahuan pengasuh balita, tingkat asupan energi dan protein dengan kejadian gizi kurang pada balita usia 12 -59 bulan di Desa Mulyasari Kecamatan Losari Kabupaten Cirebon. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 78 balita dengan teknik sampling proportional random sampling. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan Spearman Rank. Hasil : Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita paling banyak tidak menderita ISPA sebanyak 41 balita (52,6%), sebanyak 43 balita (55,1%) memiliki usia penyapihan kurang, tingkat pengetahuan pengasuh sebanyak 53 pengasuh (67,9%) kurang, sebanyak 41 balita (52,6%) dan 40 balita (48,9%) tingkat asupan energi dan protein dikategorikan defisit, serta kejadian gizi kurang sebanyak 26,9%. Analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan antara Kejadian ISPA, usia penyapihan, tingkat pengetahuan pengasuh balita, dan tingkat asupan energi dan protein dengan gizi kurang (p = 0,0001; p =0,001; p = 0,009, p= 0,0001; p= 0,0001). Simpulan : terdapat hubungan antara kejadian penyakit ISPA, usia penyapihan, tingkat pengetahuan pengasuh balita, tingkat asupan energi dan protein dengan kejadian gizi kurang.

Abtrak : 

Malnutrition is one of the major nutritional problems of infants in Indonesia. The highest prevalence is more common on under 5 years old children, especially 12-59 months old. Several factors influencing the incidences of malnutrition are infections (acute respiratory infection), the level of energy and protein intake, age of weaning, and the knowledge level of toddler’s caregiver. This study aims to determine the assosciation between the incidences of acute respiratory infection, the age of weaning, the knowledge level of toddler’s caregiver, the level of energy and protein intake with the incidences of malnutrition of 12-59 months old children at Mulyasari village. The study design was cross sectional with the samples of 78 toddlers using proportional random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis used chi-square test and Spearman Rank. The research shows that most toddlers, 41 toddlers (52,6%), do not suffer from acute respiratory infection, 43 toddlers (55.1%) have less weaning age, 53 toddler’s caregivers (67.9%) have less knowledge level, 41 toddlers (52.6%) and 40 toddler (48.9%) have the levels of energy and protein intake in the deficit category, and the incidences of malnutrition are 26.9%. Bivariate analysis shows an association between the incident of acute respiratory infection, age of weaning, knowledge level of toddler’s caregiver, and the level of energy and protein intake with malnutrition (p = 0.0001, p = 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.0001, p = 0 , 0001). there is a relation between the incidences of acute respiratory infection, the age of weaning, the knowledge level of toddler’s caregiver, the level of energy and protein intake with the incidences of malnutrition.